Topic-6.0: Sources, Impacts And Control Of — Air Pollution, Water Pollution And Soil Pollution, Noise Pollution. Surface cover is a major factor to control erosion because it reduces the impact of raindrops falling on bare soils and wind removing soil particles. It also reduces the speed of water flowing over the land. Erosion and Sedimentation. This checks the speed of water and saves soil from erosion. Bench Terracing 4. Coastal erosion in Mozambique: Governing processes and remedial measures. Use of synthetic fertilizers must be avoided instead natural fertilizers must be … In fact, coastal erosion has been identified as a dominant phenomenon in the Mozambican coastal system. An ambitious plan to save the river called the Ganga Action Plan was launched in 1985. Water Pollution Control Measures. What is Land Degradation - Burning Issues - Free PDF Download I explain:1. The rock materials carried by erosion is the load of the river. In UPSC prelims general studies paper geography is included as well as in the main exam’s GS paper 1. Contour Bunding 2. The landward retreat of the shoreline can be measured and described over a temporal scale of tides, seasons, and other short-term cyclic processes. Sea Erosion. Topic-6.2: Remedial Measures For Soil Erosion And Coastal Erosion. Soil erosion on cropland is of particular interest because of its on-site impacts on soil quality and crop productivity, and its off-site impacts on water quantity and quality, air quality, and biological activity. Land is a solid, substratum which supports human and many other organisms. Using Geosynthetic tubes that are being used along the coast in Odisha. The landward displacement of the shoreline caused by the forces of waves and currents is termed as erosion. Realising the importance of maintaining the cleanliness of the water bodies, the Government of India has passed the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 to safeguard our water resources. Palalane, J.; Larson, M.; Hanson, H., and Juízo, D., 2016. THE MEASURES OF SOIL EROSION 57 Improving Estimates of Wind Erosion To identify some of the problems and research needs in the area of wind erosion prediction, the committee commissioned a paper for the project on the subject of the WEE and its use in the 1 982 NRI (Gillette, 1 986~. The impact of the event is not always seen immediately, but it is equally important when we consider loss of property that it causes. Soil erosion by water is termed differently according to the intensity and nature of erosion. REMEDIAL ACTION PLANS include the requirements to develop erosion and sedimentation control plans, specifying plan content and soil conservation measures to keep sediment–laden mud from washing into storm sewers and watersheds where debris can clog creek channels and choke off aquatic life resulting in sediment violations. The process of erosion usually takes place on the surface of soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth’s crust and with the help of the wind or … Corrasion or Abrasion 4. By installing Geo-Synthetic Tubes. Protect the soil surface with some form of cover. Remedial measures for Soil erosion and Coastal erosion. Detailed diagram and hand drawn explanation of the four main types of erosion. Erosion in the context of soil and watershed conservation is the detachment and movement of soil particles by natural forces, primarily water and wind. Much of the soil erosion by river floods can be avoided by constructing dams across the rivers in proper places. This load acts as a grinding tool helping in cutting the bottom and sides of the river bed, resulting in deepening and widening of the river channel. on soil erosion and sedimentation from construction sites. Impact assessment of anthropogenic activities such as urbanization, open cast mining and quarrying, river-valley projects, disposal of industrial and radio-active waste, excess withdrawal of ground water, use of fertilizers, dumping of ores, mine waste and fly-ash. The following points highlight the top mechanical measures adopted to control erosion of soil caused by water. practices. Hard structural stabilization 2). Increasing mangrove cover to prevent soil erosion in coastal regions. Brown; H.V. The 3 main principles to control erosion are to: use land according to its capability. As a byproduct of coconut trees, coir is one of our best resources for keeping coastlines safe from erosion. Soil erosion must be prevented or controlled by proper tree plantation. The following points highlight the top mechanical measures adopted to control erosion of soil caused by water. The mechanical measures are: 1. Contour Bunding 2. Graded Bunding 3. Bench Terracing 4. Conservation Ditching 5. Contour Trenching 6. Vegetative Barriers. Furthermore, geotextile filter and geotextile reinforcement ensured stability during Soil erosion and land degradation together, constitute one of the major problems that disturb the ecological balance of the world. 104 forests and trees provide some coastal protection and that the clearing of coastal forests and trees has increased the vulnerability of coasts to erosion (Figure 4.1) — such as in Viet Nam (Mazda et al., 1997; Cat et al., 2006), Malaysia (Othman, 1994), Indonesia (Bird and Ongkosongo, 1980; Nurkin, 1994; Tjardana, 1995), Sri Lanka (Samarayanke, 2003), India (Malini and Rao, 2004; 2. Mechanical Measure # 1. Attrition3. Among the agents, water is considered as the main cause of soil erosion. Peterson) is essentially a problem involving recognition and proper control of such geomorphic processes as sheet-wash erosion, gulleying, mass-wasting and stream erosion. Finger gullies can be eliminated by terracing. 4. Contour Bunding: It is most popular in the country. Soil is the uppermost layer of the earth’ s crust, which can be dug or ploughed, and in which plants grow . Methods like disposal through incinerators can be used and ensuring no release of toxic gases. Mozambique's 2800-km-long coastline comes with associated vulnerability to coastal erosion, their processes, and resulting evolution. Preventing and managing erosion. Topic-6.1: Solid Waste Management — Types Of Solid Waste, Impacts Of Solid Waste, Recycling And Reuse. Main agents of soil erosion are (1) Water, (2) Wind, (3) Waves and (4) Glaciers; Removal of the top layer of soil by various means, which include both natural events and human activities, is called as soil erosion. Construction of saline stone-packaging and breakwater structures. In coastal and dry areas, large rows of trees are planted in order to check the wind movement to protect soil cover thus preventing soil erosion. Coastal erosion is the loss or displacement of land, or the long-term removal of sediment and rocks along the coastline due to the action of waves, currents, tides, wind-driven water, waterborne ice, or other impacts of storms. Dams. Using trees to control erosion . It takes months or years to note the impact. Topic-6.3: Global Environmental Issues Soil erosion control measures 1. control runoff before it … The three main principles: Use land according to its capability. Naturally produced and ecologically safe, this product is revolutionizing how we deal with coastal erosion. Hydraulic action2. Erosion, which produces this sediment, is accelerated when soil is disturbed, left bare, and exposed to the abrasive action of wind and water. Presented By: Krishna Vala Urmila Parmar 2. Building out into the … Erosion, the detachment of particles of soil and surficial sediments and rocks, occurs by hydrological (fluvial) processes of sheet erosion, rilling and gully erosion, and through mass wasting and the action of wind. Soil erosion. Residents at Dutse Sokale and Baupma under the Bwari Area Council, FCT, have shared their different experiences on how they have coped with living close to erosion sites. Coastal erosion (or shoreline retreat) is the loss of coastal lands due to the net removal of sediments or bedrock from the shoreline. By constructing low walls called groyne. 1 Studies reported in the literature have identified soil properties such as clay content, microbial activity, bulk density and moisture content as factors that2 affect coastal or hillslope erosion 3 (Amos et al. Afforestation – Tree roo ts bind with the soil which in turn reduces soil erosion. Graded Bunding 3. 1. Splash erosion is generally seen as the first and least severe stage in the soil erosion process, which is followed by sheet erosion, then rill erosion a… Soil erosion by water occurs by means of raindrops, waves or ice. Soil Conservation. Efforts should be made to prevent gully erosion and control their formation. Erosion occurs when overland flow moves soil particles downslope. Measures to deal with Coastal Erosion. Natural hazards - preventive/precautionary measures - floods, landslides, earthquakes, river and coastal erosion. So overgrazing needs to be checked to prevent soil erosion. Even if someone doesn’t take geography as the optional subject, he/ she has to study this subject in order to clear the IAS exam. All the wastes from industry, domestic, must be dumped with proper treatment. Causes Soil Erosion. Check over grazing – since due to over – grazing normally top soil is lost. obtained for soil classification. 2. Preventing and taking mitigating measures for disasters like Bhopal gas tragedy. Contour bunding, Contour terracing, regulated forestry, controlled grazing, cover cropping, mixed farming and crop rotation are some of the remedial measures which are often adopted to reduce soil erosion.
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