1.1.25 Explain why land is considered as a resource. 1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH The object of this study is to examine the integration of GIS and remote sensing for application However, in the context of rapid urbanization, the factors related to EOC and the response of the EOC pool to urbanization down the profile remain elusive. By 2050, 68% of the world population is projected to live in urban areas. 2. This land transformation in some sense constitutes land degradation for agriculture and grazing. The resources which are affected include water, air and soil. This Factsheet looks at the causes and effects of water, wind and tillage erosion on agricultural land… These include pressure on land, land/soil degradation, forests, habitat destruction and loss of biodiversity, changing consumption pattern, rising demand for energy, air pollution, global warming and climate change and water scarcity and water pollution. Dont miss: Most popular Prelims 2018 test series {syllabus & schedule} 5. Apart from this, urbanization is creating significant environmental stress by disrupting the natural water table, increasing the rates of air pollution and contributing to the overall global warming. Urbanization impacts the environment through the strain of resources, including food, water, energy and the land itself, which increases as the population within the urban area increases. Dwindling green vegetation. The increasing population numbers and growing affluence have resulted in rapid growth of energy production and consumption in India. the loss of ecosystems. Expansion of agricultural production, fuelled by population growth and demand from the city, threatens widespread soil erosion, land degradation and groundwater pollution. Effects of war. This means that there is a rise in use of elements such as metals, glass and plastic. Greentumble Environmental Issues February 4, 2016. Measuring the migration effects of land degradation 22 6.1 Measuring and mapping land degradation at global and regional scales 23 In 1900, approximately 150 million people lived in urban areas with populations of 20,000 or more. It is found that anthropogenic activities influence urban environment considerably ( Alberti et al., 2003, Andersson, 2006, Lundholm and Richardson, 2010 ), and hence greater attention is required towards monitoring the changes in land use and land cover in urban areas ( Stow & Chen, 2002 ). Water Resources Research, 11, 431-5 6 Chester L. Arnold and C. James Gibbons. Let us find out what surface runoff means. Managements of land to sustain that demand need to be considered. Economic consequences of environmental degradation. Land use and land management practices have a major impact on natural resources including water, soil, nutrients and plants, and the living beings. The precipitation or rainfall of the area, that is discharged from the area through stream channels and is thus lost without entering the soil, is called surface runoff. According to FAO, deforestation is the conversion of 4 Booth, Derek B. Integrated solutions and the delimitation of planning regions 6.1. … Index of land degradation. This study aims to analyze the influence of various land use types on the water quality within the Chaohu Lake Basin based on the water quality monitoring data and RS data from 2000 to 2008, with the small watershed as the basic unit of analysis. From the point of view of environmental accounting, land, water, and air are treated as assets that areused in the production of 3 1.1.27 Identify the causes for land degradation. And many of these have been caused by urbanization and one of the biggest threats that it poses i.e. 2. 1.3.1 Understanding Land Use Change and Urbanization This chapter deals with the first question with a theme that urbanization is one of the main causes of land use change, which ultimately causes environmental problems. 1. Global Land Project Sapporo Nodal Office Hokkaido University Japan. Land degradation means: 1) Loss of natural fertility of soil because of loss of nutrients. 2) Less vegetation cover 3) Changes in the characteristic of soil. 4) Pollution of water resources from the contamination of soil through which water sweeps into ground or runoff to the water bodies. The combined cost to the economy of land degradation and unsustainable soil erosion is estimated at 17 percent of gross domestic product (GDP). For example, urbanization of steep slopes has been responsible for many landslides, some of them causing human fatalities, as well as economic and property damage [11]. The overall effects of soil degradation pose a major threat to food security especially in poor regions. Soil degradation in urban areas, including sealing, compaction and erosion, has several detrimental impacts on urban welfare and sustainability. Mining and Urbanization • Surface mining requires the removal of topsoil to get at the valuable rocks below which cause soil degradation. Land Pollution One of the calamitous effects of land pollution is the destruction of nearby forests together with its ecosystems. Increased stress on land due to concentrated constructions. Land reclamation, which uses coastal land for urban use, is leading to a decrease in coastal forests like mangroves. Although agriculture remains the backbone of Pakistan’s economy, many rural people have abandoned agriculture to adopt different occupations as a consequence of rural urbanization. As a result of agricultural land obtaining, greenhouse gases are created at the same time. areas remained land clearing for crop and cattle farming, particularly at present investors are looking the dry land forests to divert in to commercial crops like tea, coffee and rice cultivation [7;8]. Applied with remote sensing, GIS, and mathematical statistics, the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of urbanization expansion of Yantai city from 1974 to 2009 was studied. Degrading Air Quality Index. (Wikipedia) When the environment becomes less valuable or damaged, environmental degradation is said to occur. There have been some researches on this relationship from the perspective of the spatial configuration of land use in recent years. Depletion of Resources (land, … destruction of forest land is to obtain agricultural land. Biodiversity loss: many plant and animal species are threatened with extinction, due to the spread of disease, the destruction and degradation of their habitats, and direct exploitation. I chose this topic because in the past few decades, a lot of natural calamities and phenomena have taken place, e.g. Urbanization is another source of land degradation. The Impact of Urbanization on Soils. • Therefore, urbanization leads to deforestation which in-turn affects millions of plant and animal species. The impacts are:- 1. Pressure on land India faces the most acute pressure on agricultural land. Impacts of climate change 20 6. Soil degradation causes, effects, preventive methods. Degradation of Land: The degradation of land in one form or the other is matter of serious concern […] urbanization puts additional pressure on infrastructures that are already weak. Urbanization in the Himalayas. Due to the uncontrolled urbanization only, environmental degradation has been arising very rapidly and is caused by many problems such as land insecurity, worsening of water quality, excessive air pollution, noise pollution, and the problems of waste disposal. What are the effects on the local hydrologic system when a rural area is turned into an area full of housing developments, shopping centers, industrial buildings, and roads? Natural resource degradation in general and land degradation in particular has a great effect on the economies of developing countries. 3. 2) Less vegetation cover 3) Changes in the characteristic of soil. The environmental effects like ground water and surface The degradation also impacts our wildlife, plants, animals and micro-organisms. Better understand land use inefficiencies and measure their impact The causes of distortions (the role of regulations) How land distortions hinder agglomeration effects Misallocation of land (Duranton, Ghani, Grover and Kerr 2015) Study the dynamics of land use Impact on growth? Surface runoff Discharge of various kinds of chemicals on land adjacent to forest regions makes the environment unappealing to the survival of trees, vegetations, and animal species. This makes cities more susceptible to natural disasters like the Tsunami. It includes definitions, and discussions of land use change, urbanization, and land use planning in the Natural factors such as drought, storms on sea, land and deserts such as hurricanes, tornadoes, carina and volcanic eruptions. The major causes of the environmental degradation are modern urbanization, industrialization, over-population growth, deforestation etc. These greenhouse gases Show the second major negative impact after the negative effects of greenhouse gases which created by the using of the fossil fuels. Deforestation 3. The UN Convention to Combat Desertifi cation (CCD), of which Kenya is a signatory, recognizes land degradation as a global development and environment issue. In the table below, the left side shows changes in land and water use when urbanization occurs, and the right side shows the possible effect on the local water system. Urbanization is attractive to many rural citizens for the many opportunities it creates in bettering their quality of life. The results indicated that there was sig… • Increased urbanization due to population growth reduces the agricultural land.
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